STUDY OF THE MICROBIOTA PRESENT IN STONE SAMPLES TO DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OF CARBONATE-FORMING BACTERIA

Carbonatogenic bacteria are microorganisms capable of inducing or facilitating the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₂) as a result of their metabolism. This natural property translates into a unique ability to transform their environment, modifying the pH, releasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) or generating compounds that favour the precipitation of calcium carbonate.

This mineral, fundamental in the formation of materials such as limestone, sea shells or certain natural cements, becomes, thanks to bacterial action, a key resource for various applications.

Featured applications

The potential of these bacteria has been exploited in many fields:

• Bioremediation: Sealing cracks in concrete structures by means of bacterial self-healing processes.
• Heritage conservation: Consolidation of stone in historic monuments without visually altering their structure or affecting their material integrity.
• Sustainable construction: Development of bio-cement and bio-bricks as ecological alternatives to traditional materials.
• CO₂ sequestration: Fixing atmospheric carbon in mineral form, contributing to climate change mitigation strategies.

Application in conservation studies

During this study, we have diagnosed different types and strains of carbonatogenic bacteria that have actively contributed to the restoration and conservation of various heritage assets located throughout Spain. Their intervention has made it possible to stabilise structures, reinforce materials and prolong the useful life of monuments with a respectful approach to their historical and cultural value.